Diabetes and Gum Disease- Is there a Connection?

Gum disease is an infection in the bone and gum tissue and has been historically linked to heart disease and stroke. However, most people are still unaware of the relationship between gum disease and diabetes.  Diabetes is a condition that can affect the whole body, including your mouth. Diabetics require a higher level of oral care due to the fact that they are more susceptible to contracting infections.

Gum Disease and Diabetes

• Individuals that have diabetes and smoke are far more likely to develop gum disease than non-diabetics that also smoke.
• Diabetics that have poorly controlled blood sugar levels are at a higher risk of developing gum disease. This is because high glucose levels in saliva promote bacteria growth in the mouth, which leads to plaque buildup, decay and ultimately gum disease.
• Diabetes increases the likelihood of the gums becoming infected due to the body's suppressed immune system.
  
• People with diabetes have slower circulation, which can also make the gum tissue more susceptible to infections.

Signs and Symptoms

• Red and swollen gums
• Gums that tend to bleed easily
• Gums separating from the teeth
• Loose teeth
• Frequent bad breath
• Change in the way your teeth fit together
• Change in the way partials or dentures fit

Prevention

• Maintain good control over your blood sugar levels.
• Do not smoke.
• Good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are essential in preventing gum disease.
• Eat a healthy and well-balanced diet.

If you have diabetes, it's important to tell your dentist and hygienist  so that they can detect any signs of early gum disease. There are two stages of periodontal disease, gingivitis and periodontitis. People with diabetes tend to develop gum disease more frequently than others. However, if it is diagnosed in the early stage (gingivitis), it can be treated and reversed. If treatment is not received, a more serious and advanced stage (periodontitis) may follow which includes bone loss and is irreversible.